INDUS VALLEY TIMELINE RESEARCH
Indus era 8,000 years old, not 5,500; ended because of weaker monsoon Bhirrana	Isotope and archaeological data suggest that the pre-Harappans started inhabiting this area along the mighty Ghaggar-Hakra rivers fed by intensified monsoon from 9000 to 7000 years before present
Oxygen isotope in archaeological bioapatites from India: Implications to climate change and decline of Bronze Age Harappan civilization	The study, published in Nature on May 25, focused on the ancient settlements in Bhirrana in northern Indian state of Haryana:
The Indus Valley civilization is 2,500 years older than previously believed  May 30, 2016	That could make the Indus Valley settlements, which were spread across Pakistan and northern India, even older than the Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilisations. The Indus Valley civilization may be even older than initially thought. A group of researchers in India have used carbon dating techniques on animal remains and pottery fragments to conclude that the Indus Valley settlements could be 8,000 years old—2,500 years older than previously believed Bhirrana site
The Indus Valley Civilization: An Ancient Utopia? In the Bronze Age, Harappans had nothing to kill or die for and no religion. MARCH 26, 2024	Rather than growing organically, Harappan settlements were laid on a similar grid pattern, with large communal buildings and the world’s earliest sanitation system—a degree of urban planning not to be seen again in the subcontinent until the 18th century, when Sawai Raja Jai Singh laid out plans for the "pink city" of Jaipur. Brick houses, some multi-storey, opened only to inner courtyards and smaller lanes. Each house had access to covered drains along the main roads, suggesting a fairly egalitarian society. The Harappans also had granaries, dockyards, reservoirs, irrigation canals, and public baths
Bhirrana dated to 8th-7th millennium BC
Together with Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt, it was one of the earliest complex civilisations, and of the three, was the most extensive
PETROGLYPHS UPPER INDUS VALLEY, PAKISTAN	High in the Indus Valley of Pakistan are some of the most intricate and diverse petroglyphs on earth. These are the ancient Shatial glyphs on the Karakoram Highway in the Gilgit-Baltistan region. Dating from the Stone Age to the birth of Islam, the glyphs cover rocks and boulders stretching for over 100 kilometers. The writings and designs cover several languages, religions, and the symbolism of peoples dating back 10,000 years. Some of these magnificent glyphs are under threat from modern hydropower projects planned in the Indus Valley
Cotton From Prehistoric Pakistan Found in 7,200-year-old Village in Israel December 19, 2022	The cotton found in Neolithic Israel, dyed in blue and other colors, couldn’t have been local because it isn’t indigenous – but it was in the Indus Valley, archaeologists say   This is the earliest trace of cotton found in the Near East to date by centuries, the researchers say. They believe it originated in the Indus Valley, though do not rule out an African origin.
Ganweriwala was one of the largest cities within the Indus Valley Civilisation but is the least explored.	Ganweriwala was the most significant site due to its size. Mughal estimated it to be similar to that of Mohenjo-daro and Harrappa, the two capital cities of the Indus Valley Civilisation.
Amri, Sindh	Amri is an ancient settlement in modern-day Sindh, Pakistan, that goes back to 3600 BC. The site is located south of Mohenjo Daro.
Lahuradewa, India	The site is noted to have been occupied as early as 9000 BC and by 7000 BC it provides the oldest evidence of ceramics in South Asia. Excavations reported earliest archaeological sites in the world for cultivation of rice, with Lahuradewa Period IA giving samples that were dated by AMS radiocarbon to the 7th millennium BC
Chopani Mando	Remains of pottery and rice have been found from 7000-6000 BC Chopanimando is an important archaeological site, which indicates transition of humans from food gathering society to food production society
In Haryana’s Kunal village, a glimpse of life before Harappa	Kunal is one of the oldest pre-Harappan settlements and dates back roughly to the 5th millennium BC. The roughly 6,000-year-old site holds within it a rich legacy and its ties to the past can possibly help trace the history of Haryana, and the country.